Kamchatka's thermal springs
Viluchinski Thermal springs
Viluchinski Thermal springs consist from two group of springs with temperature
40'C till 60'C, situated in picturesque valley of Viluch river, among
petty forests and shrubs; Springs are decorated with travers domes and
dense colony of thermophilic aquatic plants with specific biological structure;
slopes of river valley are good for mountain-skiing sport; a little higher
of springs the river forms a nice 40 meters-high waterfall.
Nalichevo springs
Nalichevo springs are the biggest thermal carbonic acid springs at Kamchatka;
unloading between Goryachaya and Zholtaya rivers at square more than 2
km2.
At the foot of Kruglaya mountain deposits of springs created a big travers
plate more than 50000 km2 with dome, wich consist from carbonic and chalybeate-arsenic
deposits (dome was called "boiler"). Along the plate a lot of
hot springs come out, which form brook. Ceround the dome are thermal swamps.
Along the river Goryachaya concentrated outlets of therm as short hot
streams, which falls into the cold river, and also as shallow lakes, puddles
and swamps.
At those streams and lakes growing great colony of thermophilic aquatic
plants. Which form manycoloured dense pillows. The same springs at the
river Zholtaya (600m from mouth). From boiler till Goryachaya river in
1955 was made four chinks, and one of them is active till now. In this
group is about 100 thermal springs with temperature from 14 till 75'C.
Their visible debit is about 80 l/sec., and together with self-outpouring
of chinks is 110 l/sec. Waters of Nalichevo springs are one of the seldom
hydrochemical types; carbonic acid, arsenic, boric, siliceons chloride-sodium-calcium
with medium mineralization; Springs are different one from another by
their degree of dilute with superficial cold waters. They are weak-acid
or weak-alkaline (pH 5,9-7,8) with general mineralization from 3,7 till
12 grams per liter and contain a lot of seldom elements (iodine, arsenic,
borine, and others). The same elements are in precipitations (in high
concentration), which forms in places of outlets of waters surface.
Taloviye springs
Taloviye springs are 6 km from Nalichevo springs at the left of Porozhistaya
valley. Outlets are for the space of 1 km, the temperature is about 31-38'C,
their visible debit is 6 l/sec. General outlets (called "Taloviy
boiler") is at the glade in dense birch forest. Here at the foot
of low hill, formed two orange-bright travers domes 45 m. In diameter
and 13 m. In height. At surface of travers flows warm streams. Space between
domes and at the foot is swampy. Water of the Taloviye springs has the
same hydrochemical structure as Nalichevo springs, but availability of
sulphuritand hygrocarbon is higher. And also there is more of arsenic
deposits at Taloviye springs. And finally, Talovaya water tastes nice,
not like Nalichevaya water.
Krayevedcheskiye springs
Krayevedcheski springs come out at the banks of Talovaya river in two
kilometers higher than it falls into the Shaibnaya river. Distance till
Nalichevo springs is 8 km. Outlets of thermal waters as single gryphones
and weak-ooze (out) are visible in 100 m. Swamp along the river. The temperature
of water is 32-52'C, summary debit is 7 l/sec., it tastes like bitter-salty,
and the structure is like Nalichevo therms, but it has higher miniralization.
Krayevedcheski therms do not deposit travers; in its gas structure is
more of nitrogen.
Bolshiye Banniye springs
Bolshiye Banniye springs are famous from time of visiting them by Krasheninnikov
S.P. (1737-1740y.). It is on the left side of Bannaya river and has 24
groups on the thermal square (1,5 km.) It has more than 550 boiling, seetheing,
fountaining sometimes with geysers focused at the outlets of thermal water,
and also has mud boilers. Walls of single gryphones and places around
it are covered with geyserits. Big plates of geyserits are testify about
activity of springs in the past. Chemical structure of water mainly is
sulphursodium with general mineralization about 0,7-1,4 grams per liter
with cremni acid in it (300mg/l). In gas structure mainly is nitrogen
and CO2. Borine and arsenic is in small amount in water and geyserit.
Maliye Banniye springs
Malliye Banniye springs are in 5 km from Bolshiye Banniye, and also at
the top of Bannaya river (left bank), and at the right bank of Maliy kluch
river. Visible outlets of hot water (t=76'C) focused at small square (36m2)
where warm stream starts. At the places of outlets of thermal water on
the stones is salt (sulphate and geyserit), and around the outlets is
usual thermophylic aquatic plants. The chemical structure of water the
same as Bolshiye Banniye has (sulphur-sodium).
Thermal springs of Khodutka
On the bottom of caldera, located on the place of ancient Khodutka volcano,
between stone-birch forests and high-grass meadows there dispersed more
than two dozens hot springs. Those springs form lake and river Goryachaya
1 km. long with width 15-20 m. and depth 0,5-2 m. The water temperatures
are about 490C in river-head and 370C in river-mouth. Temperature of springs
at the banks of river reaches 800C.
Water's chemical composition is hydrocarbonate-chloride-sodium with high
mineralization (0,5 grams per liter) and silicone acid content 90 mgr.
per liter. Alongside the gryphones and river banks variegated thermophilic
algae can be found. In Spring time coastal line around the hot lake becomes
lively green on the background of surrounding white snow.
This is a place of wild geese, sandpipers and mountain snipes hibernation.
Springs of Khodutka is a popular place of rest for tourists. Here you
may not only to take a thermal bath but also to swim in natural thermal
pool. The best time for this - Spring, when hot water lightly diluted
by cold water from melted snow. Khodutka thermal springs are declared
as Nature's memorial of landscape and balnealogical value.
Verchne-Zhirovski thermal springs
Verchne-Zhirivski steam currents and springs are at the Upper Zhirovaya
river, at the left side of it. Outlets of springs and steam currents are
like difficult access gorges with very abrupt ages (few hundreds meters
in high). Thermal springs and steam currents dispensed at large territory.
Almost all of them are at the steep slopes. There is three part of slope,
which like slopes of Severo-Mutnovski therms, has steam currents and mud
boilers, and warm plates with boiling temperature; And also hot springs
(60-72'C). Chemical structure of steam is sulfat-calcium-sodium with general
mineralization about 0,2-0,5 grams per liter.
Nizhne-Zhirovski thermal springs
Nizhne-Zhirovski thermal springs are in 9 km from mouth of Zhirovaya
river at the right side of it. Ground at the main field (120x60m) warmed
up to 40-60'C. Outlets of thermal waters is like boiling reservoirs (2
m in diameter), there is gryphones without visible gutters, and hot springs.
On the plate formed small bath (pool) (42-98'C). There is two more thermal
plates, at the left bank of river (in 500m from main group of springs);
each plate is 150x70m gathering streams to thermal waters with temperature
about 35-84'C. At the rivers-bed blue-green aquatic plants growing. Chemical
structure of water is chloride-sodium with general mineralization about
1,2-1,5 g/l. Structure of gas is carbonic acid-nitrogen.
Verchne-Paratunski thermal springs
Verchne-Paratunski springs are in the valley of Paratunka river, in 2,5
km higher from falling in it Karimshino river. Springs are at the slope
of Goryachaya hill which divides valleys of that rivers, at 80m in high.
Places of outlets of springs are visible, because of steam and typical
plants; Hot springs (more than 16 of them) are form three parallel warm
streams. In 70m from sources of stream is warm waterfall. Temperature
of water in springs is about 39-70'C. Water is chloride-sulphat calcium-sodium
moderate siliceous (till 45 mg/l) with general mineralization about 1g/l
and arsenic in it (0,3 mg/l). Structure of free gas is nitrogen (97%).
Malkinski thermal springs
 Malkinski
thermal springs are in picturesque place in 5km to East from Malki village,
on the left bank of Kluchoyvka river (left tributary of Bistraya river).
Valley of river is 0,4-0,5km in wide and both sides are limited with elevates
covered with stone-birch forest. At small thermal plate, covered with
pebbles, is 6 groups of gryphones (in them cold river water mixing with
thermal water). Waters of springs are hydrocarbonic-chloride-sulphate-sodium
with general mineralization till 0,7 g/l with cremnium and arsenic acides.
Structure of gas is nitrogenic.
Karimchinski hot springs
Karimchinski hot springs are in narrow valley, surround with high rocks.
A lot of outlets with temperature about 65'C are in space of 4km along
the river. At the right bank, the hot water comes out from low bank cliff,
and forms a nice fragile aquatic plants. Ground pools are at the same
thermal plate.
|
